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Marilyn Pauline Novak, professionally known as Kim Novak (born February 13, 1933), is a retired American film and television actress. She began her career in 1954 after signing with Columbia Pictures. There, she became a successful actress, starring in a string of movies, among them the critically acclaimed ''Picnic'' (1955). She later starred in such popular successes as ''The Man with the Golden Arm'' (1955) and ''Pal Joey'' (1957). However, she is perhaps best known today for her "dual role" as both Judy Barton and Madeleine Elster in Alfred Hitchcock's classic thriller ''Vertigo'' (1958). Novak was popular in box office popularity polls, and she starred opposite several top leading men of the era, including James Stewart, William Holden, Frank Sinatra, Tyrone Power, and Kirk Douglas. Although still young, her career declined in the early 1960s, and after several years in a series of lackluster films, she withdrew from acting in 1966. She has only sporadically returned since. She later returned to the screen in ''The Mirror Crack'd'' (1980), and had a regular role on the prime time series ''Falcon Crest'' (1986–87).〔(TV Guide, March 5, 2013: ''Reclusive Film Legend Kim Novak Opens Up About Life, Regrets and Her TCM Tribute'' ) Relinked 2014-06-20〕 After a disappointing experience during the filming of ''Liebestraum'' (1991), she has permanently retired from acting, citing she has no desire to return.〔(SFGate, August 29, 2010: ''Kim Novak surfaces to retrace past in boxed set'' ) Relinked 2014-06-20〕 ==Early life== Kim Novak was born Marilyn Pauline Novak in Chicago, Illinois on February 13, 1933. She is the daughter of Joseph and Blanche (née Kral) Novak.〔(Chicago Tribune, July 29, 2010: ''Kim Novak: The road from Chicago'' ) Relinked 2014-06-20〕 Both her parents were of Czech descent. Her father was a history teacher and worked as a dispatcher on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad,〔 and her mother was a factory worker.〔 She attended William Penn Elementary, Farragut High School, and Wright Junior College. She won two scholarships to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, and during the summer break in her last semester of junior college, Novak went on a cross-country tour modeling for a refrigerator company at trade shows.〔(Kim Novak: Live from the TCM Classic Film Festival )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kim Novak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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